Code Snippets: Python 2.7

create, rename, and delete files or directories

import os

# create a directory
os.mkdir("full/path/to/new/directory")

# rename a file or directory
os.rename("full/path/to/file", "full/path/with/new/name")

# delete a file or directory
os.remove("full/path/to/file")

working with file paths

import os.path

# combine paths
path = os.path.join("first/path", "second/path/or/name")
    # automatically uses "/" for linux/osx and "\" for windows

# separate file name from a full path
name = os.path.basename("full/path/with/file")

# move up directories
path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("full/path"))
    # this would move up a single directory
    # to move up multiple, add more os.path.dirname()
    
# check if a path exists
if os.path.exists("full/path/to/test"):
    print "path exists"
else:
    print "path does not exist"
    
# check if a path is a directory
if os.path.isdir("full/path/to/test"):
    print "path is a directory"
else:
    print "path is a file"

---

get a list of files in a directory

import os.path, glob

globPatt = os.path.join("full/path/to/files", "*")
paths = glob.glob(globPatt)
paths.sort()

for path in paths:
    name = os.path.basename(path)

---

copy a single file

import shutil

# copy to the same directory with new name
shutil.copy('full/path/file_v1.txt', 'full/path/file_v2.txt')

# copy to a new directory with the same name
shutil.copy('full/path/file.txt', 'new/path/file.txt')

copy or delete entire directories

import shutil
shutil.copytree('full/path/to/folder', 'full/path/to/new/dst')
    # use ignore=ignore_patterns('folderName') to skip a dir
shutil.rmtree('full/path/to/folder')

---

get current user

import getpass
user = getpass.getuser()

determine os type

import os
if os.name == "posix":
    # os is linux or mac osx
elif os.name == "nt":
    # os is windows

---

using regular expressions

import re

# example 1: find a number in a string
file_name = "example_0001.exr"
pattern = re.compile("(\w+)[._](\d+)[._](exr|jpg)")
info = re.search(pattern, file_name))
num = info.group(2)
print num ## Result = 0001

# example 2: check if a string matches a pattern
light_name = "arnold_01_light"
pattern = re.compile(r"arnold_(\d)(\d)_light")
if re.match(pattern, light_name):
    print "yes"

note, the pattern should be changed based on the situation more information

---

open a webpage

import webbrowser
webbrowser.open('https://www.sarahvalstyne.com')

---

working with functions

def functionName(*args):
    name = 'test'
    num = 1
    
    return name, num
    
name, num = functionName()

---

create a file

f = open('full/path/to/new/file.py', 'w')
f.write("print 'hello'\n")
f.write("print 'world'")
f.close()

run a file

execfile('full/path/to/file.py')

---

iterating through dictionaries

dictionary = {"key":"value"}

# option 1
for key in dictionary:
    print key, dictionary[key] # prints key and value
    
# option 2
for key, value in dictionary.iteritems():
    print key, value

dictionary = {"key":["value1", "value2"]}

# option 1
for key in dictionary:
    for value in dictionary[key]:
        print key, value
        
# option 2
for key, list in dictionary.iteritems():
    for value in list:
        print key, value

---

working with lists

# add a value to the end of a list
list.append(value)

# add a value at a specific point in a list
list.insert(0, value) # inserts at front of list

# remove the first item that is equal to the given value
list.remove(value)

# remove the value at the given position
list.pop(0) # removes the first value
list.pop() # removes the last value

# sort the values in a list
list.sort(reverse=False)

# count the number of items in a list
num = len(list)

# get the min/max number in a list of numbers
num_list = [1, 2, 3]
min = min(num_list)
max = max(num_list)

more information

remove duplicate values from lists/tuples

list = [1, 1, 2, 2]
print set(list)

# result: {1, 2}

---

working with strings

# split
string = 'test_0001'
parts = string.split('_')
name = parts[0]
num = parts[1]

# split characters
string = 'parker'
string[:1] # result: p
string[1:] # result: arker
string[:-1] # result: parke
string[-1:] # result: r

# replace method 1 (with precision)
color = 'yellow'
num = 7
local = 4.287921
string = '%02d %s values at %.2f' % (num, color, local)
    # result: 07 yellow values at 4.28

# replace method 2
string = 'test_v1'
string = string.replace('1', '2')
    # result: test_v2

declare a raw string

string = r"string"

raw strings treat \ as a character instead of an escape character

---

force/convert data type

string = str(x)
float = float(x)
integer = int(x)
list = list(x)
tuple = tuple(x)
set = set(x)

tup = (('a', 1) ,('f', 2), ('g', 3)) 
dictionary = dict(tup)

---

get character lists

import string

lowercase = list(string.ascii_lowercase)
# abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

uppercase = list(string.ascii_uppercase)
# ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

digits = list(string.ascii_digits)
# 0123456789

punctuation = list(string.ascii_punctuation) 
# !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~

---

get a list of numbers from a range

start, end = [0, 10]
num_list = list(range(start, end+1))

print num_list
# result: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

get a list of numbers from a string of numbers/ranges, separated by ','

string = '1, 4-7, 10'  # input string
num_list = []

if string != '':
    string = string.replace(' ', '')
    string_parts = string.split(',')
    for part in string_parts:
        if '-' in part:
            parts = part.split('-')
            start = int(parts[0])
            end = int(parts[1]) + 1
            for i in range(start, end):
                num = '%02d' % i  # optional precision
                num_list.append(num)
        else:
            num = '%02d' % int(part)  # optional precision
            num_list.append(num)

print num_list
# result: 01, 04, 05, 06, 07, 10

---

calculate tire rotation (with distance traveled & tire radius)

import math

distance = ##
radius = ##

rotations = distance / (2 * math.pi * radius)
degrees = rotations * 360

print '%.3f rotations' % rotations
print '%.3f degrees' % degrees